Dynamic green split optimization in intersection signal design for urban street network

In the past few decades, auto travel demand in the United States has significantly increased, but roadway capacity unfortunately has not expanded as quickly, which has led to severe levels of highway traffic congestion in many areas. In theory, the problem of congestion addressed through demand management and roadway expansion. However, system expansion in urban areas is difficult due to the extremely high cost of land; therefore, maximizing the existing capacity therefore often is considered the most realistic option. In urban areas, most of the traffic congestion and delays typically occur at signalized intersections. This thesis aims to prove the hypothesis that it is possible to increase capacity by establishing traffic signal timing plans that are more effective than existing plans. A new methodology is introduced in this thesis for dynamic green split optimization as a part of intersection signal-timing design to achieve maximized reduction in overall delay at all the intersections within an urban street network. The measurement of effectiveness in this new method is reduction in the average delay per vehicle per signal cycle. This thesis used data from 143 signalized intersections and 334 street segments in the Chicago Loop area street network to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results suggest that it is possible to reduce delay by approximately 35% through the optimization of signal green splits for the four-hour AM and four-hour PM peak periods of a typical da

How Different Apology Components Drive Trust Repair: The Moderating Effect of Social Value Orientation

Trust is commonly recognized as a significant part in social life. Exploring how to repair violated trust is necessary because trust transgressions occur frequently. Apologizing is one of the methods commonly used to repair trust. Rather than simply regarding it as a dichotomous phenomenon in most extant researches, additional details on the effect mechanisms of apology components for trust repair must be investigated. Thus this study explores how three apology components drive trust repair through forgiveness, considering the moderating effect of social value orientation. Forgiveness mediates the effect of compensation, empathy, and acknowledgment on trust repair, and that prosocials react more positively to the effect of acknowledgment on trust repair in forgiveness than proselfs. This study can contribute to promoting understanding on how apology really works and how to apology in accordance with people’s tendencies. Keywords：Apology components, Forgiveness, Social value orientation, Trust repai

Men Are Elected, Women Are Married: Events Gender Bias on Wikipedia

Human activities can be seen as sequences of events, which are crucial to understanding societies. Disproportional event distribution for different demographic groups can manifest and amplify social stereotypes, and potentially jeopardize the ability of members in some groups to pursue certain goals. In this paper, we present the first event-centric study of gender biases in a Wikipedia corpus. To facilitate the study, we curate a corpus of career and personal life descriptions with demographic information consisting of 7,854 fragments from 10,412 celebrities. Then we detect events with a state-of-the-art event detection model, calibrate the results using strategically generated templates, and extract events that have asymmetric associations with genders. Our study discovers that the Wikipedia pages tend to intermingle personal life events with professional events for females but not for males, which calls for the awareness of the Wikipedia community to formalize guidelines and train the editors to mind the implicit biases that contributors carry. Our work also lays the foundation for future works on quantifying and discovering event biases at the corpus level.Comment: ACL 202

Map kinase phosphatase 2 regulates macrophage-adipocyte interaction

PLoS ONE103e012075